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Newtons Laws
Isaac Newton 1642-1727(see Encarta)
Quiz Answers (NEWTONS FIRST LAW)
No.AnswerDescription12(B)For equilibrium lift = weight23(C)To lose height resultant force must be weight34(D)For looping, resultant force is centripetal i.e. towards the centre of the circle. Hint available.
NB Actually more complicated than this as aircraft also accelerates downwards and decelerates upwards in the loop41(A)If the engine cuts out its thrust is zero51(A)Velocity constant so line horizontal63(C)Veloc vertical, time horizontal, so area = distance travelled73(C)Veloc increasing with time, so accelerating84(D)Acceleration is veloc/time from gradient of graph92(B)Distance increasing linearly in uniform flight104(D)Veloc = dist/time from gradient of graphNotes
The quiz works well if you go round the class asking students individually. If they all find a question difficult, they can vote. A good internet program on Newtons Laws is available at:
HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/physics/forces/index.shtml" www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/physics/forces/index.shtml
Experiments Newtons Laws are usually investigated by using ticker-timers and/or an air track.
As such these definitions may not be in your particular syllabus, so you may need to check. Letts Revise GCSE Study Guide gives an overview. HYPERLINK "http://www.letts-education.com" www.letts-education.com
Define Newtons First Law
An object continues in its state of rest, or motion, unless acted on by a resultant force.
Discussion
This would be a good place to have a discussion about vehicles/objects that obey or do not obey Newtons First Law. (See question 5 on the worksheet for suggestions).
Quiz Answers (NEWTONS SECOND and THIRD LAWS)
No.AnswerComments12(B)Unbalanced forces produce acceleration23(C)Spring31(A)YesHookes Law obeyed42(B)Load/Extension would be a linear graph52(B)Forces exist in pairs64(D)1N opposed by 5 N gives 4 N and maximum acceleration73(C)a = F / m Use the magic triangle.81(A)300 g (W = mg = 0.3 x 10 = 3 N)92(B)NoUnbalanced forces on the same body produce acceleration104(D)Chrome or bronze
Define Newtons Second Law
A resultant force produces acceleration.
OR acceleration is proportional to the resultant force (F = ma)
and acceleration is inversely proportional to mass.
Discussion What is the difference between mass and weight?
This would be a good place to have a discussion about
Mass, the amount of matter in an object
Weight, the force of gravity on an object
and the equation W=mg.
(See Questions 1 and 2 on the worksheet)
Exercise
In the above arrangement, if the mass of each spring-balance is 200 g, what will be the resultant acceleration?
Using a = F/m = (5 1)/(0.2 + 0.2) = 4/0.4 = 10 m/s2 i.e. the value of g
Define Newtons Third Law
Forces exist in pairs,
OR to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Discussion Is Newtons Third Law always true? YES
(NB equal and opposite forces do not act on the same body; if they did, there could never be any resultant forces. i.e. acceleration would not be possible.)
Newtons Laws Problems/Homework/Test
Take g = 10 m/s2 and use F = ma and W = mg
What is the weight of an 18 kg solar power supply on Earth?
Using W = mg, W = 18 x 10 = 180 N
A good time to discuss weight (the force on a body towards the centre of the Earth.)
If the gravitational acceleration on the Moon is 1/6 that on the Earth, how much will the power supply weigh on the Moon?
Using W = mg, W = 18 x 10/6 = 30 N
Two spring-balances/newton-meters are hooked together on a smooth horizontal surface. One of them reads 25 N, and if the both of them read accurately, what should the other one read?
Applying Newtons Third Law, the other spring-balance will read 25 N
A small satellite orbiting the Earth has a mass of 300 kg fires its rocket to go to a higher orbit. If the thrust from the rocket is 150 N, what will be the acceleration of the satellite?
Using F = ma,
So a = F/m = 150/300 = 0.5 m/s2
What vehicles or objects can you think of that demonstrate Newtons First Law?
Examples include the plane in level flight in the program, and any vehicle/object not accelerating or decelerating, an ice-hockey puck, the trolley on an air-track, an object in space, a hovercraft. This might be a good place to introduce the concepts of friction opposing motion and centripetal force (i.e. gravitation causing satellites to stay in orbit.)
Copyright-free from www.physconcepts.co.uk
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